Adenine
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Is a nucleobase (a purine derivative) with a variety of roles in biochemistry including cellular respiration. | | |
Bacteriophage
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Viruses that infect bacteria. | | |
Cloning
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Organism that is an exact genetic copy of another | | |
Cytosine
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is one of the 5 main nitrogenous bases used in storing and transporting genetic information within a cell. | |
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
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is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms | |
DNA Ligase
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catalyze formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 5' phosphate of one strand of DNA and the 3' hydroxyl of the another | |
DNA Polymerase
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Is an enzyme that helps catalyze in the polymerization of deoxyribonucleotides into a DNA strand. | |
DNA Repair
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Refers to a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome. | |
DNA Replication
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Is the second part of interphase where the cell makes an exact copy of the DNA. | |
Guanine
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is one of the four main nucleobases found in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA | |
Nucleotide
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are molecules that, when joined together, make up the structural units of RNA and DNA | | |
Thymine
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Organic compound of the pyrimidine family that is a constituent of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). | | |
X-Ray Diffraction
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A photograph or image obtained through the use of x-rays. An x-ray is taken when an image of internal body structures | |
Anticodon
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Region of a transfer RNA is a sequence of three bases that are complementary to a codon in the messenger RNA |
Base Sequence
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The order of nucleotide bases in a DNA molecule. | |
Base-Pair Substitution
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a permanent transmissible change in the genetic material | |
Carcinogen
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is a substance capable of causing cancer | |
Codon
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a series of three adjacent bases in one polynucleotide chain of a DNA or RNA molecule, which codes for a specific amino acid. | |
Deletion
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The total loss or part of a gene. | |
Exon
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The region of a gene that contains the code for producing protein. | |
Gene Mutarion
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occurs when a DNA gene is damaged or changed in such a way as to alter the genetic message carried by that gene | |
Genetic Code
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is the set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material | |
Insertion
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Insertion of one to a few bases into a DNA strand. Also, a movable attachment of muscle to bone | |
Intron
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is any nucleotide sequence within a gene that is removed by RNA | | |
Ionizing Radiation
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is energy in the form of waves or particles that has enough force to remove electrons from atoms. | |
Messenger RNA
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is a molecule of RNA encoding a chemical "blueprint" for a protein product | |
Mutation Rate
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The rate at which a genetic marker mutates or changes over time. |