miércoles, 13 de julio de 2011

Vocabulary Chapter 17

 allele
An allele is one of two or more forms of a gene.



Allele Frequency
 is the proportion of all copies of a gene that is made up of a particular gene variant (allele).



Antibiotic
 Are powerful medicines that fight bacterial infections.





Balanced Morphism
  
       
Balanced polymorphism is a situation in which two different versions of a gene are maintained in a population of organisms



Biogeography
 Is the study of the distribution of species (biology) spatially (geography) and temporally (history). 




Bottleneck
 Is a phenomenon where the performance or capacity of an entire system is limited by a single or limited number of components or resources. 



Catastrophism
 The idea that Earth has been affected in the past by sudden, short-lived, violent events, possibly worldwide in scope.


Comparative Morphology 



domingo, 10 de abril de 2011

Vocabulary Chapter 13 and 14

Adenine
Is a nucleobase (a purine derivative) with a variety of roles in biochemistry including cellular respiration.

Bacteriophage
Viruses that infect bacteria.

Cloning
Organism that is an exact genetic copy of another

Cytosine
is one of the 5 main nitrogenous bases used in storing and transporting genetic information within a cell. 

  deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) 
is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms

DNA Ligase
catalyze formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 5' phosphate of one strand of DNA and the 3' hydroxyl of the another
 DNA Polymerase
Is an enzyme that helps catalyze in the polymerization of deoxyribonucleotides into a DNA strand. 
DNA Repair
Refers to a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome.
DNA Replication
Is the second part of interphase where the cell makes an exact copy of the DNA. 
Guanine
is one of the four main nucleobases found in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA
Nucleotide
are molecules that, when joined together, make up the structural units of RNA and DNA
Thymine
 Organic compound of the pyrimidine family that is a constituent of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
X-Ray Diffraction 
A photograph or image obtained through the use of x-rays. An x-ray is taken when an image of internal body structures
Anticodon
Region of a transfer RNA is a sequence of three bases that are complementary to a codon in the messenger RNA
Base Sequence
The order of nucleotide bases in a DNA molecule.  

Base-Pair Substitution
a permanent transmissible change in the genetic material 

Carcinogen
is a substance capable of causing cancer 

Codon
a series of three adjacent bases in one polynucleotide chain of a DNA or RNA molecule, which codes for a specific amino acid. 
Deletion
The total loss or part of a gene.  

Exon
The region of a gene that contains the code for producing protein. 

Gene Mutarion
occurs when a DNA gene is damaged or changed in such a way as to alter the genetic message carried by that gene 

Genetic Code
is the set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material 

Insertion
  Insertion of one to a few bases into a DNA strand. Also, a movable attachment of muscle to bone 

Intron
is any nucleotide sequence within a gene that is removed by RNA  

Ionizing Radiation
is energy in the form of waves or particles that has enough force to remove electrons from atoms. 

Messenger RNA
is a molecule of RNA encoding a chemical "blueprint" for a protein product 

Mutation Rate
The rate at which a genetic marker mutates or changes over time.